Cancer
Cancer occurs when cells in the body begin to grow and reproduce uncontrollably. These abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues and organs, and sometimes spread to other parts of the body — a process known as metastasis.
More than 1 in 2 people will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime. In Ireland, the five most common cancers are:
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Prostate cancer
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Breast cancer
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Bowel cancer
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Lung cancer
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Skin cancer
There are over 200 different types of cancer, each with its own diagnosis and treatment pathway.
Spotting Signs of Cancer
Changes in your body’s usual patterns or unexplained symptoms can sometimes be early signs of cancer. Symptoms to discuss with your GP include:
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A new lump or bump
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A lump that is changing
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Unexplained bleeding
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Skin changes
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Unintentional weight loss
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Persistent tiredness
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Changes in bowel habits
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A new, ongoing cough
Most of the time, these symptoms are caused by non‑cancerous conditions — but it’s always best to get them checked.
Reducing Your Risk of Cancer
Lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk of developing cancer. Protective habits include:
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Not smoking
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Limiting alcohol
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Maintaining a healthy weight
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Protecting your skin from the sun and avoiding sunbeds
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Eating a balanced diet
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Regular exercise
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Breastfeeding, if possible
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Vaccinating children against hepatitis B and HPV
While no one can eliminate their risk entirely, staying healthy can help prevent many common cancers.
Screening
Cancer screening programmes help detect early changes or early‑stage cancers:
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Bowel screening – men and women
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Breast screening – women
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Cervical screening – women
You can learn more about screening and vaccinations through the HSE.
Useful Links & Resources
Disclaimer
This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for medical advice. While we aim to keep content up to date, errors may occur. Please discuss any health concerns with your GP. If you have suggestions or updates that may help others, we welcome your feedback.